Overview

It is important to provide students with opportunities to get involved and help address the needs of the community. This short guide provides teachers with a step-by-step process for empowering students to plan and implement civic participation projects in the community.

List of Student Materials

You can print this material and distribute it to students as suggested below or students can obtain the material from the web as needed. The student material consists of the following:

The Six Basic Steps of an Action Project. This gives students an overview of the six steps they will have to take to complete a project: (1) select a problem to work on, (2) research the problem, (3) choose a project, (4) plan the project, (5) do the project, and (6) evaluate what you’ve done.

Project Plan. This helps students with the most difficult and important step—planning the project. It provides a step-by-step guide for planning a project and filling out a project plan.

Example Projects. This is a list of example projects created by students.

A good additional resource, which helps guide students through the whole process of a service project, is the ACT Field Guide. It is a 200-page student-friendly book.

(1) Decide in advance:

How much class time can students spend on a project?

Will you limit the project to school or can students do a project that requires them to go off-site?

Will the whole class do one project or will separate groups do their own project?

Will you decide on a project in advance and guide the students to choose that project, or will you give the students several projects to choose from, or will you let the students decide for themselves on a project? (Note: The more decisions students make themselves, the greater their buy-in to the project.)

(2) Introduce the project. Explain to your students that they are going to do an action project to help their community. Set the guidelines (time, place, manner) for their projects. It’s also a good idea to assign students to keep individual journals about the project. This will aid your individual evaluation of the students.

(3) Preview the steps. Distribute The Six Basic Steps of an Action Project to the class and discuss the basic steps on an action project.

(4) Select a problem. Brainstorm a list of community problems. Have students meet in small groups, select the three top problems, and report back to the whole class. Get a class consensus on the problem that students want to work on.

(5) Research the problem. Your students’ research will depend on what problem they select and what they need to find out. In general, they should look for answers to four questions:

What causes the problem?

What are its effects on the community?

What is being done about the problem?

Who is working on the problem or interested in it?
 

They should also be looking for ideas for action projects.

Students should report to the class what they discover. To find answers, they can:

Invite community experts to speak to the class on the problem.

Interview experts.

Look in the library.

Explore the media—watch television news, listen to radio news, read the newspaper, or search the Internet.

(6) Decide on an action project. Distribute Project Ideas and discuss them. The class can brainstorm additional project ideas. Then in groups, they can select the top three ideas. Regroup the class and decide on a project.

(7) Plan the project. Have students read Project Plan. If teams are doing different projects, have each team submit a plan filled out on paper. If the whole class is doing the same project, you can plan the project as a whole group or you can assign a committee to submit a Project Plan for the whole class to review.

(8) Do the project. If the whole class is doing the project, tasks may be divided among committees with a project coordinating committee overseeing the entire project.

(9) Evaluate the project. Have students do a formal evaluation of the project’s success. Have them also evaluate how well they planned, how well they worked as a team, and what they learned from the project.

Here are six basic steps you can use for any action project.

Step 1: Select a Problem. Get your group together and discuss what community problems concern you. Make a list and choose one problem to focus on. To help you decide, ask the following questions: Which problem affects your community the most? Which would be most interesting to work on? Which could be worked on most easily? Which would you learn the most from?

Step 2: Research the Problem. The more you know about a problem, the more you’ll understand how to approach it. Try to find out as much as you can about these questions:

What causes the problem?
What are its effects on the community?
What is being done about the problem?
Who is working on the problem or is interested in it?

Use the library. Look up newspaper and magazine articles. Ask the reference librarian for help.

Interview experts. Call local government officials. Find people at non-profit organizations that work on the problem.

Survey community members. Ask questions of people you know.

Step 3: Decide on an Action Project. Think of project ideas that would address the problem your team has chosen. Make a list. As a team, decide on the top three project ideas. Think about the pros and cons of each project idea. Evaluate each in terms of your available time, materials, and resources. Select the most suitable one.

Step 4: Plan the Project. To prevent false starts or chaotic results, you need a plan. See Project Plan for details.

Step 5: Do the Project.

Step 6: Evaluate the Project. While implementing the project, it’s important to evaluate—to think about how you are doing and figuring out how you can do things better. At the end of the project, you’ll want to evaluate how you did. To make evaluating easy, you’ll need to plan for it. See Project Plan for details. In addition to evaluating the project’s results, be sure to examine how well your group worked together and what you learned as an individual.

Planning is an important step in an action project. You may want to get out there now and make some waves. But hold on. If you take the time to plan now, you will save time, energy, money, and heartbreak because you’ll know where you’re going and how to get there. The more time you spend on planning, the less time your project will take.

Make your project plan on paper. Your plan will have nine parts. Before you begin planning, read through all nine parts. You’ll want all the parts of the plan to fit together and support each other.

Part 1. Project Name. Invent a catchy name for your project. Use it on anything you create for the project—fliers, posters, letterhead, etc.

Part 2. Team Members. Write the names of your team members down. It’s good to start thinking about the strengths and talents of each team member so you can make use of everyone on the project.

Part 3. Problem Statement. Try to describe your problem with a single sentence. This is hard to do, but describing your problem clearly and simply can help you focus on what you can do about it. Then briefly write what else you know about the problem by answering the following questions:

What causes the problem?
What are its effects on the community?
What do people affected by the problem want done?

Part 4. Goals. Describe your goals. Be specific and practical. Can you achieve your goals? Keep your goal statement clear and simple, like your problem statement. Goals help chart your course. If you know where you want to go, you can usually determine how to get there.

Part 5. Project Description. Describe your project in two or three sentences. Look at your problem statement and goals. How will your project deal with your problem and address your goals? Describing your project clearly and simply can give you a chance to think about what you are going to do, how you are going to do it, and why.

Part 6. Resources. List different individuals or organizations who might help you with your project. Government, non-profit, and business organizations may be working on the problem or interested in it. Tap into these resources.

Part 7. Action Steps. Your goal tells you where you’re going. What steps will you take to get there? Write down the details of your plan. Explain how the project will work.

Part 8. Task Chart. Once you have decided on the steps to your plan, break down the steps into tasks. Try to think of everything that needs to be done. Then assign people jobs that they want to do and can do. Put someone in charge of reminding people to do their tasks. Set a deadline, or due date, for each task.

Part 9. Evaluation Plan. Take time now to figure out how you are going to measure the success of your project. There are several ways to evaluate a project. Pick the best ways and figure out how to do it for your project.

Before-and-After Comparisons. You can show how things looked or how people felt before your project, then show how your project caused changed. You might use the following to make comparisons: photos, videos, survey results, or test scores.

Counting and Measuring. You can count or measure many different things in a project. For example: How many meetings did you have? How many people attended? How many voters did you register? How much time did you spend? Numbers like these will help you measure your impact on the community.

Comparisons With a Control Group. You may be able to measure your project against a control group—a comparable group that your project does not reach. If, for example, you are trying to rid one part of town of graffiti, you could compare your results to another part of town with the same problem.

MOSAIC Leadership Class
Background Fremont High School in Sunnyvale, California, sent 12 students to a conference focusing on issues of diversity. On their return, the excited conference participants found there was no forum to share their ideas with other students at Fremont. Making Our School An Inclusive Community (MOSAIC) was created in response to this need.

Program Members of MOSAIC created their own diversity curriculum. The course stresses leadership skills: encouraging and valuing diverse perspectives; listening; expressing oneself verbally and in writing; facilitating discussion; designing, organizing, implementing and evaluating projects; and working withothers.

The first part of the course creates a safe space for dialogue. Icebreaker activities allow students to become comfortable with each other. The second part of the course uses lesson plans, videos, readings, and structured discussions and activities to explore issues of ethnicity, culture, race, gender, faith, family, and sexual orientation. In the final part, students turn their leadership skills into action by creating projects that make the school a more racially and ethnically sensitive community.

Outcomes MOSAIC allows students to assume responsibility for the cultural climate at Fremont High School. Participants have hosted a "cultural sharing day" with second-language students to share information on different cultures, designed and implemented a weekend diversity camp for 60 students and teachers, facilitated two full-day diversity workshops for Fremont students and teachers, and given diversity presentations to teachers and students from other schools.

Youth Task Force Rebuilds Garden
Background A group of students at Los Angeles Roosevelt High School, which is now mostly Latino, were studying the history of their school. They learned that the school once had a traditional Japanese garden. After the United States entered World War II, anti-Japanese sentiment ran so high that community members destroyed the garden. Youth Task Force members decided to rebuild it as a tribute to Japanese Americans who had been relocated to internment camps during World War II and to former Roosevelt students of Japanese ancestry who died fighting for our country.

Program Youth Task Force members and other students found old yearbook photos of the garden and interviewed former Roosevelt students about their recollections of its appearance. From their research, students reconstructed a plan of the garden and made a list of plants and materials they would need to rebuild it. Then they went to the community for help. They found corporate sponsors, several non-profit organizations, former Roosevelt graduates, and a number of landscape architects and contractors who were willing to donate time, materials, and their expertise to restore the garden.

Outcome When the project was completed, Roosevelt students had formed working partnerships with local government, businesses, non-profits, and the media. They had recognized the diverse history and origins of their school community and provided a beautiful and valuable addition to the Roosevelt school environment. Today flagstone walkways wind along school grounds past a dry pond of granite stones. Flowers bloom all year and a redwood bridge sits at the center of the garden. Yoshio Kaku, 81, who helped build the original garden in 1933, said, "It makes me feel good to come back."

PRIDE: A Forum for Discussing Racial Issues
Background Abington Friends School is a K-12 school located in suburban Philadelphia. Of the 240 students in Abington's high school, approximately 15 percent are students of color. Until five years ago, the school lacked a mechanism for high school students to discuss issues relating to race and ethnicity. In 1992, two young African-American women started PRIDE, a forum for discussing racial issues, resolving conflicts, and celebrating cultural diversity. Today, more than a third of the student body participates in planning and implementing PRIDE activities.

Program Special lunch-hour forums have brought students together to discuss diversity issues such as the Million Man March, the role of youth in improving race relations, affirmative action, and how to break down racism in the school community. Cultural celebrations such as Black History Month, Chinese New Year, and International Day honor cultural diversity and create a sense of familiarity with diverse cultures. Service-learning projects such as a mentoring program with a predominantly Latino elementary school foster a sense of responsibility to the wider community as well as a deeper understanding of the social causes of racial conflict.

Outcomes PRIDE had a direct impact on formation of an All-School Committee on Diversity (consisting of administrators, faculty, parents and students) to promote equity and diversity in the school. Curricula have been revised to include minority perspectives. Changes in student-admissions and faculty-hiring policies have resulted in an increase in students and teachers of color. Ultimately, though, the greatest impact has been in student attitudes as young people practice positive ways of communicating about race.

STAR: Students Against Racism
Background A series of racially motivated acts against Latino, African-American, and Jewish students led a Great Neck, New York, high school junior to found Students Against Racism (STAR). The STAR program allows students to actively participate in the fight against racism.

Program In STAR, high school seniors deliver presentations and lead classroom discussions, workshops, and seminars about racism and how to fight it. They also visit home-room classes in an effort to reach out to more students. Although there is a clear outline for the STAR program, each group of students may adapt the standard presentation and add activities to make STAR's program more effective. Each group leader participates in six hours of training on how to facilitate conversations on race relations.

Outcomes STAR sponsors Racism Reachout Day, a program featuring group discussions and workshops on racial intolerance. Students who were selected and trained by STAR, speakers from New York State Attorney General's Office, and the entire student body participate in Racism Reachout Day. In addition, the STAR program is collaborating with the high school leadership program to reach a broader range of students at a younger age.

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